Criminal Court Records: Miami Dade Case Lookup & Details

Criminal Court Records give you direct access to the factual backbone of any legal proceeding in Miami‑Dade, letting you verify charges, case numbers, and outcomes without sifting through unrelated data. When you type “Miami Dade criminal court records” into a trusted portal, the system pulls the defendant name search, criminal case number search, and court case number search results that show the full criminal docket, including felony court records, misdemeanor court records, and any related court hearings or filings. This transparency helps families, attorneys, and researchers confirm case disposition records, understand criminal judgments, and track the progress of a criminal case lookup from arraignment to final sentencing. By focusing on the exact Miami Dade defendant records you need, you avoid the guesswork that often comes with generic searches and get the precise criminal case information required for informed decisions.

Criminal Court Records also streamline the Miami FL criminal court search by linking each entry to the official criminal docket, court filings, and case classification details. Whether you are looking for a specific criminal case search by filing date, a defendant’s criminal charges, or the status of a pending case, the integrated database presents clear, up‑to‑date data on both state and local criminal matters. Users can quickly locate a criminal case number, examine the associated court hearings, and review the final disposition, whether it be a plea agreement, conviction, or acquittal. This focused approach to Miami Dade case lookup removes ambiguity and empowers you with reliable, publicly available documents while respecting any sealed or restricted records.

How to Search Criminal Court Records

You can search Criminal Court Records in Miami-Dade through the official Clerk of Court database, which gives you direct access to active and closed cases across the county. The lookup tool lets you filter results by defendant name, case number, filing date, court division, or case type so you see only the records that match your query. Once you enter the right details, the system pulls data directly from the criminal docket through official miami dade county fl, and displays case numbers, charges, hearing dates, and final outcomes on a single results page. This process works for both felony and misdemeanor cases and removes the need to visit the courthouse for basic lookups.

Official Search Portal: https://www.miamidadeclerk.gov/clerk/records.page

Steps to Search

• Open the Miami-Dade Clerk of Court records page using the portal URL above.
• Choose your search method from the available options, such as party name, case number, or date range.
• Enter the required information exactly as it appears on official court documents, including full name and date of birth if known.
• Review the filters and narrow results by court division, case type, or filing date to avoid unrelated matches.
• Click the search button to load the results list, then select the matching case to view the full docket.
• Review the criminal court case details, court filings, hearings, and final disposition shown on the case page.

Search by Defendant Name

Searching by defendant name is the most common way to find Miami Dade criminal court records when you know who was charged. You can type the full legal name into the party search field, and the system will return every matching case linked to that person. To get accurate results, include the last name, first name, and middle name if available. This method works well for background checks, family research, or attorney case preparation, because each result links back to the specific docket entry.

Search by Case Number

If you already have a criminal case number search reference, you can pull the record directly without sorting through names. Each case filed in Miami-Dade receives a unique identifier, such as a Uniform Case Number (UCN), which the clerk assigns at filing. Entering this number into the case lookup field displays the full criminal docket, court hearings, filings, and final judgment in seconds. This method is the fastest and most precise option when you have the exact number from a citation, summons, or prior court notice.

Search by Filing Date

A filing date search helps you locate cases opened during a specific window of time, such as a single month or calendar year. You set a start and end date, and the database lists every criminal case filed in Miami-Dade within that range. This approach is useful for journalists, researchers, or legal professionals tracking recent case activity or studying court trends. The results display the case number, defendant name, charges, and current status for each entry, making it easy to scan large volumes of records.

Search by Court

You can filter records by court division to limit your search to specific jurisdictions within Miami-Dade. The clerk organizes cases by court location, such as the main criminal courthouse or satellite locations handling certain misdemeanor matters. Selecting the correct court ensures you only see cases heard in that venue, which prevents confusion when the same defendant has cases in multiple locations. Court-based searches are helpful for confirming where a case was filed or where a hearing will occur.

Search by Case Type

Case type filtering sorts results into categories such as felony, misdemeanor, traffic criminal, or violation of probation. This option saves time when you only need to review one class of criminal case. For example, an attorney focused on felony defense can skip misdemeanor entries and go straight to serious charges. The criminal case lookup system applies this filter alongside name or date parameters so you can narrow results quickly and accurately.

Information Needed for a Search

Before starting your lookup, gather as many details as possible to improve accuracy. Useful pieces of information include the defendant’s full legal name, date of birth, case number, filing date, court division, and the specific criminal charges involved. Having multiple data points lets you cross-check results and avoid confusing one person with another who shares a similar name. The table below shows the main search fields and what each one returns:

Criminal Court Record Details

Each Criminal Court Record in Miami-Dade contains a structured set of fields that outline the full legal history of a case. These details help you confirm the identity of the defendant, understand the charges, and follow the procedural path from filing to final resolution. The clerk updates each record as new court filings, motions, or orders are entered, so the information stays current with the official docket.

Defendant Information

The defendant section lists the full legal name, date of birth, race, gender, and any known aliases used in court filings. It also displays identifying numbers tied to state or local systems, which help verify you are looking at the correct person. When a defendant has multiple cases, each entry appears separately so you can review every active or closed matter tied to that individual.

Case Number and Filing Date

Every case receives a Uniform Case Number (UCN) when filed, and this identifier stays with the case for its entire life cycle. The filing date marks the day the clerk officially opened the matter, which is also the starting point for all deadlines and procedural rules. Reviewing both fields confirms you have the right docket before reviewing deeper details.

Court and Judge

The court and judge section shows where the case is being heard and which judicial officer presides over it. You can see the division, such as felony, misdemeanor, or special criminal court, along with the assigned judge’s name. This information helps you confirm jurisdiction and prepare for hearings or filings in the correct venue.

Case Classification

Case classification groups the matter into felony, misdemeanor, or other categories, which determines the procedural rules that apply. Felonies carry heavier penalties and follow a different trial path than misdemeanors. The classification field helps you understand the seriousness of the charges and the potential outcome range.

Criminal Charges

The charges section lists each statute the defendant faces, along with the offense level and degree. You can see the exact language of the charge, such as “burglary of an unoccupied dwelling” or “driving under the influence,” and whether it is a felony or misdemeanor. This field is essential for understanding the legal exposure linked to the case.

Attorney Information

If the defendant has legal representation, the attorney’s name, bar number, and contact details appear in this section. Public defenders and private counsel are both listed, along with the date they were assigned or retained. Reviewing attorney details helps you confirm representation status before reaching out or scheduling a hearing.

Current Case Status

The status field shows where the case stands right now, such as open, pending, disposed, or on appeal. Updated statuses reflect the most recent activity entered by the clerk, including new filings, scheduled hearings, or completed judgments. Checking the status regularly helps you track progress without calling the courthouse.

Types of Criminal Court Cases

Miami-Dade criminal courts handle several categories of cases, each governed by specific procedural rules and penalties. The clerk separates cases by type so users can search efficiently and understand the legal path each one follows. Knowing the difference between felony, misdemeanor, state, local, juvenile, and other matters helps you interpret records correctly.

Felony Cases

Felony cases involve serious offenses punishable by more than one year in state prison. Examples include aggravated assault, armed robbery, drug trafficking, and homicide. These cases go through felony court divisions, follow stricter procedural timelines, and may reach the circuit criminal court for trial.

Misdemeanor Cases

Misdemeanor cases cover less serious offenses punishable by up to one year in county jail. Common examples include petty theft, simple assault, and certain DUI charges. Misdemeanor court records typically resolve faster than felonies and often end with plea agreements or diversion programs.

State Criminal Cases

State criminal cases are prosecuted by the State Attorney’s Office and handled in circuit or county criminal court. They include felony-level charges and certain serious misdemeanors. These records reflect the official actions taken by the state against the defendant under Florida law.

Local Criminal Cases

Local criminal cases involve violations of county or municipal ordinances prosecuted at the local level. Examples include certain code violations, loitering, or local public safety offenses. These matters often resolve in county court and may carry fines or short jail terms.

Juvenile Criminal Matters

Juvenile criminal matters involve defendants under 18 years old and follow a separate set of rules under Florida juvenile law. Records for these cases are restricted in many situations, with limited public access to protect the minor’s identity. Juvenile cases may be transferred to adult court depending on the offense and the defendant’s age.

Other Criminal Proceedings

Other criminal proceedings include specialty courts, such as drug court, mental health court, or veterans court. These dockets focus on rehabilitation and treatment rather than traditional incarceration. Records for these cases include program participation details, compliance notes, and graduation outcomes.

Criminal Court Case Proceedings

Criminal case proceedings in Miami-Dade follow a clear legal sequence from charging to final resolution. Each step is recorded in the docket so anyone reviewing the file can see the full timeline. Understanding these stages helps you read court filings and follow the progress of a case accurately.

Charging and Indictment

The process begins when the State Attorney files formal charges or a grand jury returns an indictment. This step officially opens the criminal case and sets the legal foundation for prosecution. The charging document appears in the court filings section of the docket.

Arraignment

At the arraignment, the defendant appears before a judge to hear the charges and enter an initial plea of guilty, not guilty, or no contest. Bond conditions are often reviewed and set during this hearing. The docket records the plea entered and any bond decisions made by the judge.

Pretrial Proceedings

Pretrial proceedings include discovery exchanges, depositions, motions, and plea negotiations between the defense and prosecution. These steps prepare both sides for trial or settlement. The docket lists every filing and hearing date during this phase.

Motions and Hearings

Attorneys file motions to suppress evidence, dismiss charges, or compel action from the opposing side. Each motion triggers a hearing where the judge reviews arguments and issues rulings. Court orders from these hearings appear in the docket entry for the related motion.

Trial Proceedings

If a case proceeds to trial, the docket records jury selection, witness testimony, evidence presentation, and closing arguments. Trial proceedings can last hours, days, or weeks depending on the case complexity. Verdict announcements are also logged on the docket as they occur.

Court Orders

Court orders include written decisions issued by the judge that direct the parties to take specific actions. Examples include protective orders, search warrants, and rulings on pretrial motions. These orders are stored with the case filings for public review.

Post-Trial Proceedings

Post-trial proceedings cover appeals, sentencing, post-conviction motions, and probation reviews. After a verdict, the court moves toward final resolution through these steps. The docket reflects each filing, ruling, and hearing date throughout the post-trial process.

Criminal Case Dispositions

A disposition is the final outcome of a criminal case, recorded once the matter is resolved. The clerk logs this information in the docket so users can see whether the case ended in dismissal, plea, conviction, or acquittal. Reviewing dispositions is often the main reason people search criminal case information.

Dismissed Cases and Charges

A case dismissal means the court or prosecutor ended the matter without a conviction. Dismissals can occur for lack of evidence, procedural errors, or successful defense motions. The docket notes the reason for dismissal and the date it was entered.

Plea Agreements

A plea agreement is a negotiated resolution where the defendant pleads guilty or no contest in exchange for reduced charges or a recommended sentence. The terms of the plea are recorded in the court filings and accepted by the judge during a hearing. Plea dispositions appear clearly in the docket summary.

Convictions

A conviction occurs when a defendant pleads guilty or is found guilty at trial. The conviction date, offense, and sentence appear in the case disposition record. This entry becomes part of the official criminal judgment for the matter.

Acquittals

An acquittal happens when a jury or judge finds the defendant not guilty at trial. The docket records the acquittal date and closes the case without a conviction. Acquittals reflect the legal conclusion that the state did not prove guilt beyond a reasonable doubt.

Final Disposition

The final disposition captures the complete outcome of the case after all post-trial matters are resolved. It includes any appeals, sentence modifications, or probation completions. This entry closes the docket for most practical purposes.

Case Closure

Case closure marks the administrative end of the docket, after which the clerk archives the record. Closed cases remain accessible through the public records system but no longer receive new filings. The closure date appears in the case header for reference.

Criminal Sentencing and Court Judgments

After a conviction or guilty plea, the court issues a sentence that defines the penalties the defendant must serve. Sentencing details appear in the criminal judgment section of the docket and stay accessible through official records. Reviewing this section helps you understand the outcome of a completed criminal case.

Judgment of Conviction

The judgment of conviction is the formal court document that records the verdict and the sentence imposed. It includes the defendant’s name, case number, charges, and judicial findings. This judgment serves as the legal foundation for all sentencing actions.

Sentencing Orders

Sentencing orders outline the specific penalties, including prison time, probation, fines, or treatment programs. Judges issue these orders after reviewing presentence reports and hearing arguments from both sides. Each order appears as a separate docket entry tied to the case number.

Fines and Court Costs

Fines and court costs are financial penalties the defendant must pay as part of the sentence. These amounts are recorded in the judgment along with official civil court records or payment deadlines and enforcement options. Failure to pay can result in additional court actions or holds on the record.

Probation

Probation sentences allow the defendant to serve part of the penalty under supervised conditions rather than incarceration. The probation order lists the rules the defendant must follow, reporting requirements, and the supervising officer. Probation violations trigger new court hearings and updated dockets.

Incarceration

Incarceration sentences require the defendant to serve time in jail or state prison. The docket records the length of the sentence, credit for time served, and the facility assigned. Incarceration orders are part of the official criminal judgment.

Other Court-Imposed Conditions

Other conditions may include community service, counseling, no-contact orders, or driver’s license suspensions. Each condition is listed in the sentencing order and tracked through the clerk’s system. Compliance with these conditions is monitored by the court or designated agencies.

Access to Criminal Court Records

Access to criminal court records in Miami-Dade depends on case status, defendant age, and specific legal restrictions. Most records are public, but some are sealed or restricted by law. Knowing the difference helps you find what is available and avoid searching for protected information.

Public Case Information

Public case information includes the defendant name, case number, charges, court hearings, and final disposition. This data is available through the clerk’s online portal and in-person terminals at the courthouse. Anyone can review public criminal court case search results without special permission.

Online Records

Online records give you 24-hour access to docket entries, court filings, and hearing schedules. The portal updates regularly so you see the most recent activity on each case. Online access is the fastest way to confirm basic case details without contacting the clerk’s office.

Publicly Available Documents

Publicly available documents include indictments, motions, orders, judgments, and sentencing records. These documents are stored in the clerk’s digital archive and can be viewed through the online system. Document images are available for download or printing based on the court’s file format.

Restricted Records

Restricted records are limited by court order or statute, often to protect victims, witnesses, or sensitive investigation details. Access requires a formal request and a valid reason under Florida law. Restricted cases show only limited information on the public docket.

Sealed Records

Sealed records are closed entirely to the public by a judge. The clerk removes these files from public search results, and only authorized parties may access them. Sealing typically occurs after expungement, successful motions, or statutory eligibility.

Juvenile Record Restrictions

Juvenile records are restricted under Florida law to protect the minor’s identity and future opportunities. Public access is limited, and many juvenile dockets do not display full case details. Authorized parties, such as the minor, parents, or attorneys, can request access through the clerk.

Records Available by Request

Records not displayed online can be requested directly from the clerk’s office through formal channels. You may need to complete a records request form and pay applicable fees. The clerk will provide copies once eligibility and access requirements are confirmed.

Obtaining Criminal Court Records

You can obtain criminal court records in Miami-Dade through online requests, clerk requests, or in-person visits. Each method has specific steps, fees, and processing times. Choosing the right method depends on how quickly you need the document and what format you require.

Online Requests

Online requests let you search and download public docket records through the clerk’s official portal at any time. You can print case summaries, view document images, and save records for personal reference. This method works best for users who need quick access to public information without certified copies.

Court Clerk Requests

You can submit a written request to the court clerk for records not available online or for certified copies. The clerk reviews the request, confirms the case details, and processes the order. This option is useful for older records, sealed files with court approval, or certified documentation needed for legal proceedings.

In-Person Requests

In-person requests are handled at the Criminal Court Office in Miami. You can visit the clerk’s public terminal, review files, and request copies on the spot. In-person visits help when you need immediate assistance or want to confirm details with clerk staff before ordering documents.

Certified Copies

Certified copies are official documents stamped and signed by the clerk, confirming they are true copies of the court record. These copies are required for legal filings, immigration cases, and government applications. You can order certified copies online, by mail, or in person.

Copy Fees

Copy fees vary based on document type, number of pages, and certification status. Standard copies cost less than certified copies, and additional fees may apply for expedited service. The clerk’s office publishes the current fee schedule online for transparency.

Processing Times

Processing times depend on the request method, record type, and office workload. Online docket access is instant, while certified copies may take several business days. Complex or archived records may require extra processing time, especially when clerk review is needed.

Criminal Court Record Accuracy and Availability

Criminal court records are maintained to high accuracy standards, but updates may take time depending on the case stage. Verifying the right defendant, case number, and charges is critical before relying on any record for legal, personal, or professional purposes. Reviewing the accuracy of court records helps you avoid costly mistakes.

Verifying the Correct Defendant

Always confirm that the defendant name, date of birth, and case details match the individual you are researching. Multiple people may share similar names, which can lead to confusion. Comparing identifiers such as date of birth or address helps ensure you have the right person.

Matching Case Numbers

Case numbers are unique to each matter, so matching the number exactly avoids pulling the wrong docket. Even a single digit difference points to a different case. Double-check the UCN or local case number before relying on any court document.

Confirming Charges

Confirm the exact statutory charge listed on the docket matches the information you received from other sources. Clerks may update charge language based on amendments filed by the State Attorney. Reviewing the most recent entry ensures accuracy.

Recently Filed Cases

Recently filed cases may not appear immediately in the public portal because the clerk needs time to scan and upload documents. Some entries appear hours or days after filing. If a case is missing, check back after a short period.

Delayed Record Updates

Some updates are delayed due to court backlogs, document scanning, or pending judicial action. The clerk updates dockets regularly, but large cases may experience longer delays. Patience and repeated checks help you confirm the latest status.

Archived Cases

Archived cases are older records moved to long-term storage. They remain accessible through the clerk’s office but may require additional request steps. Archived records are still official and may be obtained through formal request channels.

Unavailable Records

Some records are unavailable due to sealing, expungement, or destruction under retention rules. The clerk cannot provide access to these files without a court order. Knowing the difference between restricted and unavailable records helps set realistic expectations.

Search Problems

Search problems happen when the system cannot find a match due to incorrect details, restricted access, or processing delays. Knowing the most common issues helps you adjust your search strategy and avoid wasted time. The clerk also offers support for users who cannot locate a specific case.

Case Not Found

A “case not found” message typically means the entered details do not match any record in the system. This may happen if the case is sealed, archived, or filed under a different name. Adjusting the search filters or contacting the clerk can help locate the correct file.

Incorrect Defendant Name

Misspelled names, missing middle names, or wrong dates of birth often return zero results. Try variations of the name or remove optional fields to expand the search. Searching by case number is the best alternative when names cause trouble.

Incorrect Case Number

A single typo in the case number prevents the system from matching the docket. Verify the number from the original court notice, citation, or attorney correspondence. Re-entering the correct number almost always resolves the issue.

Wrong Court or Jurisdiction

Cases filed in a different county or court division will not appear in a Miami-Dade search. Confirm the jurisdiction before searching, because felony and misdemeanor cases may be heard in different locations. State-level offenses also follow separate court paths.

Missing Documents

Missing documents can occur when filings are not yet scanned or uploaded to the online system. Some records exist only in physical form at the courthouse. In-person visits or clerk requests can help retrieve these documents.

Restricted Records

Restricted records are not fully displayed on the public portal. You may see limited information, such as a case number and sealed status, without the underlying documents. Access requires a formal request and legal authorization.

Delayed Updates

Delayed updates happen when the clerk has not yet processed new filings or court actions. Large caseloads can slow updates, especially for older or complex matters. Checking back after a few days usually resolves the issue.

Criminal Court Records and Related Searches

Criminal court records are one part of a broader system of public records in Miami-Dade. Understanding the difference between court records, criminal records, arrest records, criminal history, bench warrants, jail records, and civil court records helps you find the right information for your needs.

Criminal Court Records vs. Criminal Records

Criminal court records focus on court proceedings, charges, hearings, and dispositions. Criminal records, in contrast, refer to compiled reports that may include arrests, convictions, and sentencing outcomes from multiple sources. Court records are official docket entries, while criminal records can include summary data from law enforcement or state agencies.

Criminal Court Records vs. Arrest Records

Arrest records show the fact that someone was taken into custody by law enforcement. Criminal court records show what happened after the arrest, including charges filed, court hearings, and final outcomes. An arrest does not always lead to formal charges, so court records may not exist for every arrest.

Criminal Court Records vs. Criminal History

A criminal history is a complete summary of a person’s interactions with the criminal justice system, including arrests, convictions, and incarcerations. Criminal court records are individual dockets tied to specific cases. Criminal history pulls data from multiple court records, arrests, and correctional records.

Criminal Court Records vs. Bench Warrants

Bench warrants are court orders issued when someone fails to appear or follow court rules. They are tracked by law enforcement and clerk systems. Criminal court records may reference active warrants, but warrant searches are handled separately through the clerk or sheriff’s office.

Criminal Court Records vs. Jail Records

Jail records show inmate status, booking details, and release dates from correctional facilities. Criminal court records show the legal case linked to a defendant’s incarceration. Both systems update independently, so recent court rulings may not appear immediately in jail records.

Criminal Court Records vs. Civil Court Records

Civil court records handle disputes between individuals or organizations, such as contracts, property, or family matters. Criminal court records involve cases brought by the state against a defendant for violating criminal law. The two systems operate separately, even when the same parties are involved in both types of cases.

For additional help accessing Miami-Dade criminal court records, contact the Clerk of Court using the details below.

Frequently Asked Questions

Criminal Court Records in Miami-Dade give you public access to felony, misdemeanor, and traffic criminal cases filed across the county. The Miami-Dade Clerk of Court and Comptroller maintains these records through an online portal at miamidadeclerk.gov, where you can search by defendant name, case number, or court division. Users commonly access these files for background checks, legal research, personal record review, or case status updates. Answers below explain lookup steps, record types, fees, and contact details for the Criminal Court Office located at 1351 NW 12th Street, 9th Floor, Miami, FL 33125.

How Do I Search Criminal Court Records in Miami-Dade?

Start at the Miami-Dade Clerk of Court online records portal at miamidadeclerk.gov/clerk/records.page. Choose the criminal case search option, then enter a defendant name, case number, or filing date range. The system searches active and closed cases across all criminal divisions. Results show the case number, defendant name, charges, court hearings, judge assignment, and case disposition records. You can view a summary for free. Certified copies require a small fee and ID verification. For phone help, call the Criminal Court at 786-971-CRIM (2746) during business hours.

What Information Appears in a Miami-Dade Criminal Case Record?

A typical Miami-Dade criminal case record lists the defendant name, date of birth, case number, arresting agency, statutory charges, court division, filing date, bond amount, plea entered, sentence imposed, and final case disposition. Felony court records and misdemeanor court records both appear in the same search portal. You will also see scheduled court hearings, prior motions, and court filings. Sealed or expunged cases do not display. Juvenile records follow separate access rules. Each entry links directly to the criminal docket so you can trace the full case timeline from arrest to resolution.

Can I Look Up Criminal Cases by Defendant Name in Miami-Dade?

Yes. The defendant name search tool accepts a first and last name combination. For better results, add a middle name or date of birth when available. The portal returns matching criminal court case search results across felony, misdemeanor, and criminal traffic divisions. Click any result to view charges, hearing dates, and case disposition records. If you share a common name, narrow results by adding a birth year or address filter. Phone assistance is available at 305-275-1155 if you need help locating a specific defendant records entry.

How Do I Find a Case Using a Miami-Dade Case Number?

Select the case number search option on the records page. Enter the full case number, including the year prefix and court division code, such as F-2024-012345 for felony or M-2024-012345 for misdemeanor. The portal pulls the criminal docket instantly, showing filed motions, court hearings, bond actions, plea agreements, and sentencing outcomes. Court case number search results include hearing room details and judge names. You can print the docket page or request certified copies through the Clerk’s office for use in other legal proceedings or background verification needs.

Are Felony and Misdemeanor Records Available Online in Miami-Dade?

Both felony court records and misdemeanor court records appear in the same Miami-Dade Clerk database. Users see criminal charges, bond hearings, pretrial conferences, plea entries, trial outcomes, and sentencing orders for adult defendants. Records cover cases from 1970 forward, though older paper-only files may require in-person retrieval at the courthouse. Active warrants, sealed cases, and expunged records stay hidden from public view. You can request expanded docket images for a per-page fee through the portal, or visit the Criminal Court Office on NW 12th Street for assistance.

How Can I Check Upcoming Court Hearings on a Criminal Docket?

Open the criminal court docket search and enter the defendant name or case number. The docket listing displays scheduled court hearings, motion deadlines, pretrial dates, plea dates, and trial calendars with assigned courtroom numbers. Hearing times appear with the judge name and division. You can set reminder alerts by bookmarking the case page and revisiting it before each scheduled date. For real-time updates, call 786-971-CRIM (2746). Attendees must pass courthouse security at 1351 NW 12th Street, so arrive early with valid photo identification before any criminal court hearing.